- A set of equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.
Vector calculus: A branch of mathematics that deals with vectors and their properties.
Electromagnetic waves: Waves that propagate through space carrying electromagnetic energy.
Electric fields: Fields created by electric charges that affect other charged particles.
Magnetic fields: Fields created by magnets or moving charges that affect other magnetic materials.
Coulomb's Law: A law that describes the force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged particles.
Gauss's Law: A law that describes the flux of electric field through a closed surface.
Faraday's Law: A law that describes the the induction of an electric field by a changing magnetic field.
Ampere's Law: A law that describes the creation of a magnetic field through a closed loop by an electric current.
Electromotive force: A measure of the power that drives electric current through a circuit.
Maxwell's equations: A set of mathematical equations that describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic spectrum: The entire range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.
Wave-particle duality: The idea that matter can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior.
Planck's constant: A fundamental constant that relates the energy and frequency of radiation.
Quantum mechanics: An area of physics that studies the behavior of matter and energy at a microscopic level.
Special relativity: A theory that describes how objects behave at high speeds and in strong gravitational fields.
General relativity: A theory that describes the behavior of gravity in terms of the curvature of space-time.
Gauss's law for electric fields: This equation states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed within that surface.
Gauss's law for magnetic fields: This equation states that magnetic monopoles do not exist, and that the magnetic flux through a closed surface is always zero.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: This equation states that a changing magnetic field induces an electric field, which circulates around the magnetic field lines.
Ampere's law with Maxwell's correction: This equation states that a changing electric field can produce a magnetic field, which also circulates around the electric field lines.