Three laws that describe the relationship between an object's motion and the forces acting upon it, including the law of inertia, the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and the law of action and reaction.
Force: A force is a push or a pull on an object. It is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
Mass: Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in kilograms or grams.
Inertia: Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object.
Newton's First Law of Motion: Also known as the law of inertia, it states that an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: It states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This law is also called the 'force law.'.
Newton's Third Law of Motion: It states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It is also known as the 'law of reaction.'.
Free body diagrams: Free body diagrams are diagrams that represent the forces acting on an object. They are essential tools for solving problems related to Newton's laws of motion.
Friction: Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it moves on a surface. It arises due to the interaction between the surfaces of the object and the surface it is in contact with.
Types of forces: There are various types of forces, including weight, tension, normal force, applied force, frictional force, and air resistance.
Equilibrium: Equilibrium is a state when the net force acting on an object is zero, and the object is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity.
Gravitation: Gravitation is the force that attracts two objects with mass towards each other. It is responsible for keeping the planets in their orbits around the sun.
Centre of Mass: Centre of mass is a point in a body where the entire mass of the body can be assumed to be concentrated.
Conservation of energy: It is the principle that energy can be neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. It is crucial in understanding the motion of objects.
Simple harmonic motion: Simple harmonic motion is the motion of an object back and forth in a periodic manner. It is a vital concept in mechanics and is encountered in various physical systems.
Elasticity: Elasticity is the property of an object to deform under the application of an external force and regain its original shape when the force is removed.
Impulse: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied to it for a particular time period.
Work: Work is the product of the force applied on an object and the displacement caused by that force. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in joules.
Power: Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is measured in watts.
Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It is given by the formula KE = 0.5*m*v^2, where m is the mass of the object, and v is its velocity.
Potential energy: Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or configuration relative to other objects or systems. It is given by the formula P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height from the reference level.
Conservation of momentum: The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system of objects is conserved when there is no external force acting on it. This principle is crucial in understanding various phenomena like collisions and explosions.
Circular motion: Circular motion is the motion of an object along a circular path. It is characterized by the centripetal force acting on the object, and the properties of the circular path, like radius and velocity.
Rotational motion: Rotational motion is the motion of an object around a fixed axis. It is characterized by properties like angular momentum, torque, and moment of inertia.
Torque: Torque is the tendency of a force to cause rotational motion. It is given by the formula, torque = force x perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.
Conservation of angular momentum: The principle of conservation of angular momentum states that the total angular momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external torque is acting on it. It is a crucial concept in understanding rotational motion.
Newton's First Law of Motion: The Law of Inertia: An object in motion tends to stay in motion and an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: The Law of Acceleration: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Newton's Third Law of Motion: The Law of Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.