A form of improvisational theater that originated in Italy in the 16th century. It was characterized by stock characters, such as the Harlequin and the Pantalone, and involved physical comedy and acrobatics.
History of Commedia dell'arte: A broad overview of the origins and development of Commedia dell'arte, including its geographical and cultural roots in Italy during the Renaissance.
Stock Characters (Masks): The main characters in Commedia dell'arte were recognizable by their masks and costumes. A detailed account of the various character types, their traits, and their origins would be useful.
Improvisation: Commedia dell'arte was an improvisational form of theatre, and the performers used cues to create a plot and dialogue. Learning how performers improvised will give students a better understanding of how plot and dialogue unfolded in the performance.
Body Movement & Gestures: Commedia dell'arte relied heavily on physical comedy, which was accomplished through exaggerated body movement and gestures. Understanding the physicality of the characters is essential to truly appreciate the style.
Scenarios: The primary texts for Commedia dell'arte were the scenarios. These were outlines of the plot and dialogue meant for the performers to improvise around. Understanding the scenarios and their structure is key to understanding the form.
Masks & Costumes: The masks and costumes used in Commedia dell'arte were crucial in identifying the characters and setting the mood. Learning about the different materials used and the role they played in the performance will help to appreciate the art form.
Performance Venues & Troupes: Commedia dell'arte was performed in various venues, ranging from the streets to palaces. Understanding how the performances were staged and how the troupes were structured will provide insight into the practical and economic aspects of the form.
Influences: Commedia dell'arte had a significant impact on the development of Western theatre. Exploring the influence that the form has had on later playwrights and playwrights of the time will provide insights into how it was received by audiences.
Relationships Between Characters: The relationships between the characters in Commedia dell'arte were often complex and provided the substance for the performances. Understanding the dynamic between the characters is important for understanding the form.
Music: Music was often used in Commedia dell'arte to enhance the performances, create mood and underscore the action. Exploring the role played by music can help students appreciate the art form's multi-disciplinary nature.
Lazzi: These are comic actions or pantomime sequences that are a characteristic feature of Commedia dell'arte.
Zanni: These are comic servants who are usually portrayed as being foolish and lazy, but also cunning and quick-witted.
Arlecchino: This is a mischievous and tricky character who is often dressed in a patchwork costume and is known for his acrobatic skills.
Pantalone: This is a greedy and wealthy character who is often depicted as an old man.
Dottore: This character is a pompous and overbearing doctor or professor.
Capitano: This character is a boastful and cowardly military man who is often depicted as a Spaniard.
Colombina: This is a smart and witty female character who is often portrayed as a servant.
Brighella: This character is a sly and deceitful servant who often acts as a go-between for the other characters.
Pulcinella: This is a hunchbacked character who is often depicted as a clown or buffoon.
Scaramouche: This is a roguish and boastful character who is known for his swordplay and acrobatics.
Lovers: These are characters who play the roles of romantic interests and are often portrayed as naive and innocent.
Pedrolino: This is a sad and melancholic character who is often depicted as a dreamer or a fool.
Tartaglia: This character is a stuttering and bumbling oaf who is often portrayed as a servant.