The three laws of motion that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it.
Force: The push or pull exerted on an object to change its motion.
Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion.
Newton's First Law of Motion: The law of inertia states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: The law of acceleration states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Newton's Third Law of Motion: The law of action and reaction states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Laws of motion examples and problems: Practical applications of Newton's laws, such as finding values of force, acceleration, and mass.
Gravitation and universal law of gravitation: The phenomenon of gravity, which is the force that attracts two bodies toward each other, and the equation that describes it.
Friction: The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
Drag: The force that opposes motion through a fluid medium.
Terminal velocity: The maximum velocity an object can achieve in free fall due to air resistance.
Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity, which is conserved in collisions.
Impulse: The change in momentum of an object caused by a force acting on it for a certain amount of time.
Work: The transfer of energy to an object by a force acting on it over a displacement.
Power: The rate at which work is done.
Energy: The ability of an object to do work or cause change.
Conservation of energy: The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted into other forms.
Kinetic and potential energy: The two main forms of energy, representing energy of motion and energy of position, respectively.
Springs and Hooke's Law: The behavior of springs and elastic materials when they are stretched or compressed, and the equation that describes their behavior.
Simple pendulums: The behavior of pendulums and the factors that affect their motion.
Oscillations: The periodic motion of objects or systems, including simple harmonic motion.
Waves: The transfer of energy through a medium or space, including properties of wave behavior such as frequency, wavelength, and amplitude.
Doppler effect: The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer's position.
Electromagnetism: The interaction between electrically charged particles and magnetic fields, including the laws governing electric charges and the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.
Optics: The study of light and its behavior, including properties of light such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
Thermodynamics: The study of heat and temperature, including the laws governing the behavior of gases and the transfer of energy in the form of heat.
Atomic and nuclear physics: The study of the behavior and properties of atoms, including the behavior of subatomic particles and the principles of nuclear reactions.
Relativity: The study of the behavior of objects in motion relative to each other, including the special and general theories of relativity.
Quantum mechanics: The study of the behavior and properties of particles on a subatomic level, including the principles of wave-particle duality and uncertainty.
Astrophysics: The study of the behavior and properties of astronomical objects and phenomena, including the principles of stars, galaxies, and cosmology.
Biomechanics: The study of the mechanics of biological systems, including the principles of motion and forces involved in living organisms.
Newton's First Law: Also known as the Law of Inertia, this states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in a straight line at a constant velocity unless a net force acts upon it.
Newton's Second Law: Also known as the Law of Acceleration, this states that the force acting on an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration. The formula F=ma is used to calculate the force exerted on an object.
Newton's Third Law: Also known as the Law of Action and Reaction, this states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that the force that one object exerts on another is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that the second object exerts on the first object.