"The Rutherford model was devised by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford."
Proposed by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, it proposed that the atom had a small, dense, positively charged nucleus orbited by electrons, like the sun and the planets in the solar system.
The history of atomic theory: The evolution of atomic models and the contributions of scientists like Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford.
Structure of atoms: The basic constituents of an atom including electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic number.
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Atomic mass: The mass of an atom, which is the sum of the mass of protons and neutrons.
The concept of charge: Explaining the nature of electric charge and the behavior of charged particles in an atom.
Electromagnetic radiation: Understanding the characteristics of electromagnetic waves, such as wavelength, frequency, and speed.
Wave-particle duality: Describes the behavior of particles such as electrons, which show properties of both waves and particles.
Bohr's atomic model: Describes the structure of atoms in terms of the energy levels of electrons and the emission or absorption of photons when electrons change energy levels.
Rutherford's Nuclear Model: Describes atoms as having small, dense, positively charged nuclei surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
Nuclear forces: Understanding of strong and weak nuclear forces in relation to the stability and instability of atomic nuclei.
The concept of radioactivity: The emission of radiation from nuclei resulting from the instability of certain isotopes.
Half-life: The time required for one-half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay.
Radioactive decay: The emission of alpha, beta, or gamma radiation from the nucleus of an atom undergoing radioactive decay.
"Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which suggested... that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect."
"...upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis..."
"Rutherford's analysis...suggested...that J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect."
"Rutherford's new model for the atom, based on the experimental results, contained new features of a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume..."
"...the rest of the atom and with this central volume containing most of the atom's mass."
"This region would be known as the atomic nucleus."