Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913.
Proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, it proposed that electrons orbited the nucleus in specific energy levels, and that energy was released or absorbed when electrons moved between these levels.
The discovery of the electron: The discovery of the electron refers to the identification of negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom, laying the foundation for understanding atomic structure and the development of Bohr's Model.
The quantization of energy: The quantization of energy refers to the idea that energy can only exist in discrete, specific amounts or levels within an atom, as proposed by Bohr's model.
The hydrogen atom: The hydrogen atom refers to the simplest atomic system consisting of a single proton in the nucleus and an orbiting electron, representing the fundamental building block of matter.
Rutherford's model of the atom: Rutherford's model of the atom states that the atom consists of a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons.
Planck's quantum theory: Planck's quantum theory states that energy is quantized, meaning it can only be absorbed or emitted in discrete packets or quanta, which has implications for the behavior of electrons in the Bohr model.
Bohr's model of the atom: Bohr's model of the atom is a simplified representation that describes how electrons occupy specific energy levels or orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic spectra: Atomic spectra refers to the characteristic patterns of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by atoms due to transitions of electrons between different energy levels.
Quantum mechanics: Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.
Quantum numbers: Quantum numbers in Bohr's Model of the atom describe the energy levels, orbital shapes, and orientations of electrons in an atom.
Electron configuration: Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons into specific energy levels or orbitals surrounding an atomic nucleus according to the rules set by the Bohr's model.
Valence electrons: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom that determine its chemical properties and are involved in chemical bonding.
Excited states: Excited states refer to the higher energy states that electrons can occupy in an atom when they absorb energy, leading to their promotion to outer orbitals.
Spectroscopy: Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation, providing information about atomic and molecular structure.
Energy level diagrams: Energy level diagrams in Chemistry and Bohr's model represent the discrete energy levels of electrons in an atom or molecule, illustrating transitions between levels due to absorption or emission of energy.
Atomic mass: Atomic mass refers to the average mass of an atom, which is calculated by taking into account the mass of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.
"It consists of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons."
"It is analogous to the structure of the Solar System."
"But with attraction provided by electrostatic force rather than gravity"
"The electron energies are quantized, assuming only discrete values."
"Joseph Larmor's Solar System model (1897), Jean Perrin's model (1901), the cubical model (1902), Hantaro Nagaoka's Saturnian model (1904), the plum pudding model (1904), Arthur Haas's quantum model (1910), the Rutherford model (1911), and John William Nicholson's nuclear quantum model (1912)."
"The improvement over the 1911 Rutherford model mainly concerned the new quantum mechanical interpretation introduced by Haas and Nicholson."
"The Bohr model explained the reasons for the structure of the Rydberg formula."
"Not only did the Bohr model explain the reasons for the structure of the Rydberg formula, it also provided a justification for the fundamental physical constants that make up the formula's empirical results."
"The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model."
"It can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics."
"Yes, it may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory."
"Because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems, the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics or energy level diagrams."
"Arthur Erich Haas proposed a related quantum model in 1910."
"It was thoroughly discussed at the 1911 Solvay Congress."
"The quantum theory of the period between Planck's discovery of the quantum (1900) and the advent of a mature quantum mechanics (1925) is often referred to as the old quantum theory."
"While the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical basis until the Bohr model was introduced."
"But forsaking any attempt to explain radiation according to classical physics."
"Attraction provided by electrostatic force rather than gravity."
"The model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for hydrogen's spectral emission lines."